Bio
Fred D. Ledley M.D. is the Director of the Center for Integration of Science and Industry and a Professor of Natural & Applied Sciences and Management at Bentley University. An accomplished physician scientist, educator, and entrepreneur, Dr. Ledley has authored >250 articles on topics ranging from molecular human biology and biotechnology to drug development and finance. He previously served on the faculties of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children’s Hospital. He was a scientific founder of GeneMedicine, Inc (NASDAQ: GMED), where he served as Vice President of R&D and led the initial venture financing for Variagenics (NASDAQ:VGEN) as President & CEO. He has served on the Board of Directors of MassBIO, the Board of Overseers of Boston Children’s Hospital, and as a consultant to industry, academia and government. Dr. Ledley has an M.D. from Georgetown University School of Medicine, trained in Pediatrics at Boston Children’s Hospital, was an American Cancer Society fellow with Dr. David Baltimore at MIT, and is a fellow of the American Association for Advancement of Science.
Professional Memberships
American Association for Advancement of Science 1978-01-01 - PresentCouncil for Undergraduate Research 2005-01-01 - PresentAmerican Medical Association 1978-01-01 - PresentAwards and Honors
Presidential Citation, American Society for Head and Neck SurgeryMee Family Prize for lifetime research achievement, Bentley UniversityBentley University Award for Excellence in Scholarship, Bentley UniversityFellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Outstanding Scholarly Contribution, Bentley UniversityBEN Scholar (Bioscience Education Network) National Science Digital Library and American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2008-2010Scholarly Contributions and Creative Productions
Journal Articles
Vaughan, G., Du, R., Ledley, F. D. (2025). Modeling impact of inflation reduction act price negotiations on new drug pipeline considering differential contributions of large and small biopharmaceutical companies. Clinical trials (London, England), (22) 1 88-99. Dao, H., Ledley, F. D. (2025). Sustaining pharmaceutical innovation after the Inflation Reduction Act: trends in R&D spending, equity investment, and business development. Drug discovery today, (30) 7 104394. Jackson, M. J., Vaughan, G., Ledley, F. D. (2024). Association between expedited review designations and the US or global burden of disease for drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 2010--2019: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ open, (14) 3 e076542. (Link)Zhou, E. W., Ledley, F. D. (2024). Considering Returns on Federal Investment in the Negotiated ‚Äö√Ñ√∫Maximum Fair Price‚Äö√Ñ√π of Drugs Under the Inflation Reduction Act: an Analysis, Working paper # 219. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series (Link)Hyman, C., Vaughan, G., Ledley, F. D. (2024). Implications of the Inflation Reduction Act for the biotechnology industry; sensitivity of investment and valuation to drug price indices and market conditions, Working Paper No. 223. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series 223 (Link)Vaughan, G., Ledley, F. D. (2024). Modeling impact of inflation reduction act price negotiations on new drug pipeline considering differential contributions of large and small biopharmaceutical companies. Clinical Trials (Link)Jackson, M. J., Vaughan, G., Ledley, F. D. (2024). Association between expedited review designations and the US or global burden of disease for drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 2010-2019: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ open, (14) 3 e076542. Shah, P., Vaughan, G., Ledley, F. D. (2023). Comparing the economic terms of biotechnology licenses from academic institutions with those between commercial firms.. PLOS ONE (Link)Cleary, E., Jackson, M. J., Zhou, E., Ledley, F. D. (2023). Comparison of research spending on new drug approvals by the US National Institutes of Health versus industry, 2010-2019.. JAMA Health Forum, (4(4):e230511) 4(4):e230511 4(4):e230511. (Link)Zhou, E., Jackson, M. J., Ledley, F. D. (2023). NIH Contribution to phased clinical development of drugs approved from 2010-2019. JAMA Health Forum 4(7):e231921 (Link)Ledley, F. D., Cleary, E. (2023). NIH funding for patents that contribute to market exclusivity of drugs approved 2010–2019 and the public interest protections of Bayh-Dole. PLOS ONE (Link)Zhou, E. W., Jackson, M. J., Ledley, F. D. (2023). Spending on Phased Clinical Development of Approved Drugs by the US National Institutes of Health Compared With Industry. JAMA health forum, (4) 7 e231921. Kiszewski, A. E., Cleary, E., Jackson, M. J., Ledley, F. D. (2021). NIH funding for vaccine readiness before the COVID-19 pandemic.. Vaccine 39 2458-2466. (Link)Cleary, E., McNamee, L. M., de Boer, S., Holden, J., Fitzgerald, L., Ledley, F. D. (2021). Comparing long-term value creation after biotech and non-biotech IPOs, 1997-2016. PLOS Onre (Link)Kiszewski, A. E., Cleary, E. G., Jackson, M. J., Ledley, F. D. (2021). NIH funding for vaccine readiness before the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine, (39) 17 2458-2466. McNamee, L. M., Cleary, E. G., Zhang, S., Salim, U., Ledley, F. D. (2021). Late-stage Product Development and Approvals by Biotechnology Companies After Initial Public Offering, 1997-2016. Clinical therapeutics, (43) 1 156-171.e15. Cleary, E., Jackson, M., Acevedo, A., Ledley, F. D. (2020). Characterizing the public sector contribution to drug discovery and development: the role of government as a first investor. Institute for New Economic Thinking Cleary, E., Jackson, M. J., Folchman-Wagner, Z., Ledley, F. D. (2020). Foundational research and NIH funding enabling Emergency Use Authorization of remdesivir for COVID-19. medRxiv Kiszewski, A. E., Cleary, E., Jackson, M. J., Ledley, F. D. (2020). The role of NIH funding in vaccine readiness; foundational research and NIH funding underlying candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. medRxiv McNamee, L. M., Zheng, S., Salim, U., Cleary, E., Ledley, F. D. (2020). Drug development in biotechnology companies with IPOs from 1997-2016.. Clinical Therapeutics 43 156-171. (Link)Cleary, E., Ledley, F. D. (2020). NIH funding for research underlying new cancer therapies.. The Lancet. Oncology, (21) 6 755-757. Wernick NLB, ., Ledley, F. D. (2020). We Don't Have to Lose STEM Students to Business.. Journal of microbiology & biology education, (21) 1Ledley, F. D., McCoy, S. S., Vaughan, G., Cleary, E. (2020). Profitability of Large Pharmaceutical Companies Compared With Other Large Public Companies.. JAMA, (323) 9 834-843. Simon, S., Meldrum, H., Ndung'u, E., Ledley, F. D. (2018). Representation of industry in introductory biology textbooks; a missed opportunity to advance student learning. CBE Life Science Education, (17) 4 (Link)Cleary, E., Beierlein, J. M., Khanukja, N., McNamee, L. M., Ledley, F. D. (2018). Contribution of NIH funding to new drug approvals 2010-2016. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 115.1 2329-2334. (Link)Beierlein, J. M., McNamee, L. M., Ledley, F. D. (2017). As technologies for nucleotide therapeutics mature, products emerge. Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acid 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.10.017. (Link)Beierlein, J. M., McNamee, L. M., Walsh, M. J., Kaitin, K. I., DiMasi, J. A., Ledley, F. D. (2017). Landscape of innovation for cardiovascular pharmaceuticals: from basic science to new molecular entities. Clinical Therapeutics, (39) 1409-1425. (Link)McNamee, L. M., Ledley, F. D. (2017). Modeling timelines for translational science in cancer; the impact of technological maturity.. PLoS ONE, (12.3, e0174538) (Link)McNamee, L. M., Walsh, M. J., Ledley, F. D. (2017). Timelines of translational science: from technology initiation to FDA approval. PLoS ONE 12.5 e0177371. (Link)Bouldin, R. M., Hall, G. J., Oches, E. A., Szymanski, D. W., Ledley, F. D. (2015). Connecting Business and STEM Education Through Undergraduate Research. Council on Undergraduate Research Quarterly, (35) 4 17-24. (Link)McNamee, L. M., Ledley, F. D. (2015). What does the current biotech stock market value?. Nature Biotechnology 33813-4 (Link)Beierlein, J. M., McNamee, L. M., Walsh, M. J., Ledley, F. D. (2015). Patterns of Innovation in Alzheimer's Disease Drug Development: A Strategic Assessment Based on Technological Maturity. Clinical Therapeutics, (37) 8 1643-1651. (Link)Wernick, N. L., Haughton, D. M., Ndung'u, E., Ledley, F. D. (2014). Positioning Genomics in Biology Education: Content Mapping of Undergraduate Biology Textbooks. Journal of Microbiology and Biology Education, (15) 2McNamee, L. M., Ledley, F. D. (2013). Translational Science by Public Biotechnology Companies in the IPO“Class of 2000”: The Impact of Technological Maturit. PLoS ONE, (8) 12 e82195. (Link)Ledley, F. D., McNamee, L. M., Uzdil, V., Morgan, I. W. (2013). Why commercialization of gene therapy stalled; examining the life cycles of gene therapy technologies. Gene Therapy (Link)McNamee, L. M., Ledley, F. D. (2013). Making the biotech IPO work. Nature Biotechnology, (31) 969-970. (Link)McNamee, L. M., Ledley, F. D. (2013). Assessing the history and value of Human Genome Sciences.. Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, (19) 4 10-Mar. (Link)Ledley, F. D. (2012). Bridging the boundary between science and business through education. International Journal of Science in Society, (3) 3 171-194. (Link)Ledley, F. D., Holt, S. (2012). Learning Objectives and Content of Science Curricula for Undergraduate Management Education. Journal of Management Education (Link)McNamee, L. M., Ledley, F. D. (2012). Patterns of technological innovation in biotechnology.. Nature Biotechnology, (30) 10 937-943. (Link)Ledley, F. D., Ndung'u, E. (2011). Use of genomic databases for inquiry-based learning about influenza. Journal of College Science Teaching 40 70-76. Ledley, F. D. (2004). Can DTC deliver the health benefits of genomics to the public?. DTC Perspectives Ledley, F. D. (2002). A Consumer Charter for Human Genetics. Nature Biotechnology 20 767. Ledley, F. D. (1999). Can Pharmacogenomics Make a Difference in Drug Development?. Nature Biotechnology 17 731. Rosenberg, S. A., Blaese, R. M., Brenner, M. K., Deisseroth, A. B., Ledley, F. D., Lotze, M. T., Wilson, J. M., Nabel, G. J., Cornetta, K., Economou, J. S., Freeman, S. M., Riddell, S. R., Oldfield, E., Gansbacher, B., Dunbar, C., Walker, R. E., Schuening, F. G., Roth, J. A., Crystal, R. G., Welsh, M. J., Culver, K., Heslop, H. E., Simons, J., Wilmott, R. W., Habib, N. A. (1999). Human gene marker/therapy clinical protocols. Human gene therapy, (10) 18 3067-123. Ledley, F. D., Ledley, T. A. (1998). Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Somatic Gene Therapy. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 30 133-150. Ledley, F. D., Housman, D. (1998). Why Pharmacogenomics? Why Now?. Nature Biotechnology 16 492-493. Ledley, F. D., Rosenblatt, D. S. (1997). Methylmalonyl CoA Mutase. Human Mutation 9 6-Jan. Ledley, F. D., Rosenblatt, D. S. (1997). Mutations in mut methylmalonic acidemia: clinical and enzymatic correlations. Human mutation, (9) 1 1-6. Rosenberg, S. A., Blaese, R. M., Brenner, M. K., Deisseroth, A. B., Ledley, F. D., Lotze, M. T., Wilson, J. M., Nabel, G. J., Cornetta, K., Economou, J. S., Freeman, S. M., Riddell, S. R., Oldfield, E., Gansbacher, B., Dunbar, C., Walker, R. E., Schuening, F. G., Roth, J. A., Crystal, R. G., Welsh, M. J., Culver, K., Heslop, H. E., Simons, J., Wilmott, R. W., Boucher, R. C. (1997). Human gene marker/therapy clinical protocols. Human gene therapy, (8) 18 2301-38. Rosenblatt, D. S., Ledley, F. D. (1996). A Molecular Study of Methylmalonic Aciduria: Structure-Function Correlations. Bulletin Academy National Medicine 180 1553-1563. Adams, R. M., Wang, M., Crane, A. M., Brown, B., Darlington, G., Ledley, F. D. (1996). Effective cryopreservation and long term storage of primary human hepatocytes with recovery of viability, differentiation, and replicative potential. Cell Transplantation 4 579-86. Ledley, F. D., Anderson, W. F. (1996). Gene therapy for cardiovascular disease: an introduction.. Marcel Dekker 467-485. Ledley, F. D. (1996). Gene therapy in pediatric medicine. Advances in Pediatrics 43 25-Jan. Drennan, C. L., Matthews, R. G., Rosenblatt, D. S., Ledley, F. D., Fenton, W. A., Ludwig, M. L. (1996). Molecular basis for dysfunction of some mutant forms of methylmalonyl CoA mutase deductions from the structure of methionine synthase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93 5550-5555. Ledley, F. D. (1996). Our Study is Man (and Woman). Human Gene Therapy 7 1193-1195. Ledley, F. D. (1996). Pharmaceutical Approach to Somatic Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutical Research 13 1595-1614. Ledley, F. D. (1996). Somatic gene therapy: applications in arthritis. Arthritis and Allied Conditions: A Textbook of Rheumatology.. Rosenberg, S. A., Blaese, R. M., Brenner, M. K., Deisseroth, A. B., Ledley, F. D., Lotze, M. T., Wilson, J. M., Nabel, G. J., Cornetta, K., Economou, J. S., Freeman, S. M., Riddell, S. R., Oldfield, E., Gansbacher, B., Dunbar, C., Walker, R. E., Schuening, F. G., Roth, J. A., Crystal, R. G., Welsh, M. J., Culver, K., Heslop, H. E., Simons, J., Wilmott, R. W., Tiberghien, P. (1996). Human gene marker/therapy clinical protocols. Human gene therapy, (7) 18 2287-313. Rosenberg, S. A., Blaese, R. M., Brenner, M. K., Deisseroth, A. B., Ledley, F. D., Lotze, M. T., Wilson, J. M., Nabel, G. J., Cornetta, K., Economou, J. S., Freeman, S. M., Riddell, S. R., Oldfield, E., Gansbacher, B., Dunbar, C., Walker, R. E., Schuening, F. G., Roth, J. A., Crystal, R. G., Welsh, M. J., Culver, K., Heslop, H. E., Simons, J., Wilmott, R. W., Aebischer, P. (1996). Human gene marker/therapy clinical protocols. Human gene therapy, (7) 13 1621-47. Ledley, F. D. (1995). After gene therapy: Issues in long term follow-up and care. Advances in Genetics 32 16-Jan. Ledley, F. D. (1995). Assessing Risk (editorial). Human Gene Therapy 6 551-552. Ledley, F. D. (1995). Gene transfer into the intestinal epithelium. Human Gene Therapy.. PubMed PMID: 8527472. Sep;6(9):1145-51.. Yovandich, J., O'Malley Jr., B. W., Sikes, M., Ledley, F. D. (1995). Gene transfer to synovial cells by intra articular administration of plasmid DNA. Human Gene Therapy 6 603-610. Adams, R. M., Wang, M., Steffen, D., Ledley, F. D. (1995). Infection by retroviral vectors outside of their host range in the presence of replication-defective adenovirus. Journal of Virology 69 1887-1894. Ledley, F. D. (1995). Non-viral gene therapies: the promise of genes as pharmaceutical products. Human Gene Therapy 6 1129-1144. Ledley, F. D. (1995). When are genes investigational drugs?. Expert Opinion in Investigational Drugs 4 781-782. Lau, C., Soriano, H. E., Ledley, F. D., Finegold, M. J., Wolfe, J. H., Birkenmeier, E. H., Henning, S. J. (1995). Retroviral gene transfer into the intestinal epithelium. Human gene therapy, (6) 9 1145-51. Crane, A. M., Ledley, F. D. (1994). Cluster of mutations within methylmalonyl CoA mutase associated with mut- methylmalonic acidemia, intra-allelic complementation, and impaired adenosylcobalamin binding. American Journal of Human Genetics. 55 42-50. Ledley, F. D. (1994). Designing clinical trials of somatic gene therapy. Proceedings of the New York Academy of Sciences 716 283-293. Ledley, F. D. (1994). Development in somatic gene therapy. Expert Opinion in Investigational Drugs 3 913-921. Ledley, F. D. (1994). Distinguishing genetics and eugenics on the basis of fairness. Journal of Medical Ethics 20 157-164. O'Malley Jr., B. W., Adams, R. M., Sikes, M. L., Ledley, F. D. (1994). Gene transfer into human thyroid follicular cells. Laryngoscope 5 837-44. Wilkemeyer, M. F., Andrews, E., Ledley, F. D. (1994). Genomic structure of murine methylmalonyl CoA mutase: evidence for genetic and epigenetic mechanisms regulating enzyme activity. The Biochemical Journal 296 663-670. Sikes, M., O'Malley, B. W., Finegold Jr., M. J., Ledley, F. D. (1994). In vivo gene transfer into rabbit thyroid follicular cells by direct DNA injection. Human Gene Therapy 5 837-834. Ledley, F. D. (1994). Non-viral gene therapies. Current Opinion Biotechnology 5 626-636. Stankovics, J., Andrews, E., Crane, A. M., Wu, C. T., Wu, G. Y., Ledley, F. D. (1994). Overexpression of human methylmalonyl CoA mutase in mice after in vivo gene transfer with asialoglycoprotein/polylysine/plasmid complexes. Human Gene Therapy 5 1095-1104. Ledley, F. D. (1994). Somatic gene therapy. Inherited metabolic disease. Diagnosis and treatment 2nd 429-438. Ledley, F. D. (1994). The therapeutic promise of molecular genetics. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 103(5 Suppl) 5-Feb. Abramowicz, M. J., Andrien, M., Dupont, E., Dorchy, H., Parma, J., Duprez, L., Ledley, F. D., Courtens, W., Vamos, E. (1994). Uniparental disomy of chromosome 6 involving the HLA region in a newborn with methylmalonic acidemia and diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Investigation 94 418-21. Ledley, T. A., Ledley, F. D. (1994). A multicompartment, numerical model of cellular events in the pharmacokinetics of gene therapy. Human Gene Therapy 5 679-691. Lovejoy Jr., F. H., Ledley, F. D., Nathan, D. G. (1994). Academic Careers: choice and activity of graduates of a pediatric residency program. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association 54 180-197. Qureshi, A. A., Crane, A. M., Matiaszuk, N. V., Rezvani, I., Ledley, F. D., Rosenblatt, D. S. (1994). Cloning and expression of mutations demonstrating intragenic complementation in muto methylmalonic aciduria. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 93 1812-1819. Crane, A. M., Ledley, F. D. (1994). Clustering of mutations in methylmalonyl CoA mutase associated with mut- methylmalonic acidemia. American journal of human genetics, (55) 1 42-50. Ledley, F. D. (1994). Therapeutic promise of molecular genetics. The Journal of investigative dermatology, (103) 5 Suppl 2S-5S. Abramowicz, M. J., Andrien, M., Dupont, E., Dorchy, H., Parma, J., Duprez, L., Ledley, F. D., Courtens, W., Vamos, E. (1994). Isodisomy of chromosome 6 in a newborn with methylmalonic acidemia and agenesis of pancreatic beta cells causing diabetes mellitus. The Journal of clinical investigation, (94) 1 418-21. Ledley, T. S., Ledley, F. D. (1994). Multicompartment, numerical model of cellular events in the pharmacokinetics of gene therapies. Human gene therapy, (5) 6 679-91. O'Malley Jr., B. W., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Applications of somatic gene therapy in head and neck surgery. Archives of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery 119 1191-1198. Ledley, F. D. (1993). Are contemporary methods for somatic gene therapy suitable for clinical applications?. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 16 78-88. O'Malley Jr., B. W., Finegold, M., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Autologous orthotopic thyroid follicular cell transplantation: a surgical component of ex vivo somatic gene therapy. Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery 108 51-62. Stankovics, J., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Cloning of functional alpha propionyl CoA carboxylase and correction of enzyme deficiency in PCCA fibroblasts. American Journal of Human Genetics 52 144-151. Sawada, T., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Correction of methylmalonyl CoA mutase deficiency in muto fibroblasts and constitution of gene expression in primary human hepatocytes by retroviral mediated gene transfer. Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics 18 507-516. Ledley, F. D., Adams, R. M., Soriano, H. E., Darlington, G. J., Finegold, M., Lanford, R., Carey, D., Lewis, D., Baley, P., Rothenberg, S., Kay, M., Brandt, M., Moen, R., Anderson, W. F., Whittington, P., Pokorny, W., Woo, S. L. (1993). Development of a clinical protocol for hepatic gene transfer: lessons learned in pre-clinical studies. Pediatric Research 33 313-320. O'Malley Jr., B. W., Ledley, F. D. (1993). DNA and viral mediated gene transfer in follicular cells: progress toward gene therapy of the thyroid. Laryngoscope 103 1084-1092. Ledley, F. D. (1993). Evolution and the Biologist's Daughter. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 36 281-288. Cholin, S., Tonoki, H., Hansen, T., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Expression of recombinant human Glutathione Reductase in Eukaryotic Cells after DNA Mediated Gene Transfer. Biochemical Medicine Metabolic Biology 49 108-113. Andrews, E., Jansen, R., Crane, A. M., Cholin, S., MacDonall, D., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Expression of recombinant human Methylmalonyl CoA mutase in primary mut fibroblasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemical Medicine and Metabolic Biology 50 135-144. Ledley, F. D., Lovejoy Jr., F. H. (1993). Factors influencing the interests, career paths, and research activities of recent graduates from an academic, pediatric residency program. Pediatrics 92 436-441. Soriano, H. E., Lewis, D., Legner, M., Finegold, M., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Feasibility of hepatocellular transplantation via the umbilical vein in prenatal and perinatal lambs. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 8 293-304. Ledley, F. D. (1993). Hepatic gene therapy: present and future. Hepatology 18 1263-1273. Ledley, F. D. (1993). Prenatal Application of Somatic Gene Therapy. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 20 611-620. Wilkemeyer, M. F., Stankovics, J., Foy, T., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Propionate metabolism in cultured human cells after over expression of recombinant methylmalonyl CoA mutase: Implications for somatic gene therapy. Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics 18 493-505. O'Malley, B. W., Jr.Adams, R. M., Sikes, M. L., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Retroviral mediated gene transfer into canine thyroid using an ex vivo strategy. Human Gene Therapy 4 171-177. O'Malley Jr., B. W., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Somatic gene therapy; methods for present and future. Archives of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery 119 1100-1107. Shevell, M. I., Matiaszuk, N., Ledley, F. D., Rosenblatt, D. S. (1993). Varying neurological phenotypes among muto and mut patients with methylmalonyl CoA mutase deficiency. American Journal of Medical Genetics 45 619-24. O'Malley, B. W., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Somatic gene therapy in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery, (119) 11 1191-7. O'Malley, B. W., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Somatic gene therapy. Methods for the present and future. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery, (119) 10 1100-7. O'Malley, B. W., Adams, R. M., Sikes, M. L., Sawada, T., Ledley, F. D. (1993). Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into canine thyroid using an ex vivo strategy. Human gene therapy, (4) 2 171-8. Crane, A. M., Jansen, R., Andrews, E., Ledley, F. D. (1992). Cloning and expression of a mutant methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase with altered cobalamin affinity that causes mut- methylmalonic aciduria. Journal of Clinical Investigation 89 385-391. Vaden, S. L., Wood, P. A., Ledley, F. D., Cornwell, P. E., Miller, R. T., Page, R. L. (1992). Cobalamin deficiency associated with methylmalonic acidemia in a cat. Journal of the Veterinary Medical Association 200 1101-113. Ledley, F. D. (1992). Current Status of Somatic Gene Therapy. Growth, Genetics, & Hormones 8 5-Jan. Ledley, F. D., Soriano, H. E., O'Malley Jr., B. W., Darlington, L. D., Finegold, G. J. (1992). DiI as a marker for cellular transplantation into solid organs. BioTechniques 123 581-587. Soriano, H. E., Gest, A., Bair, D., Vander-Straten, M., Lewis, D., Brandt, M., Finegold, M., Ledley, F. D. (1992). Hepatocellular transplantation (HCT) via the umbilical vein in fetal and newborn lamb. Transplantation Proceedings 24 2964-2965. Ledley, F. D. (1992). Organ transplantation for genetic disease. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 4 972-977. Crane, A. M., Martin, L., Valle, D., Ledley, F. D. (1992). Phenotype of disease in patients with identical genotypes of mut- methylmalonic aciduria. Human Genetics 89 259-64. Ledley, F. D., Lovejoy Jr., F. H. (1992). Publication record of recent graduates from an academic, pediatric training program: assessing the development of academic physicians. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 15 518-526. Soriano, H. E., Adams, R. M., Darlington, G., Finegold, M., Steffen, D. L., Ledley, F. D. (1992). Retroviral transduction of human hepatocytes and orthotopic engraftment in SCID mice after hepatocellular transplantation (HCT). Transplantation Proceedings 24 3020-3021. Ledley, F. D. (1992). Somatic gene therapy in gastroenterology: approaches and applications. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 14 328-37. O'Malley Jr., B. W., Sikes, M. L., Adams, R. M., Finegold, M. J., Ledley, F. D. (1992). Somatic gene therapy targeted to the thyroid: DNA mediated and viral mediated gene transfer in animal models. Transplantation Proceedings 24 2973-2974. Ledley, F. D. (1992). The application of gene therapy to pediatric practice. International Pediatrics 7 15-Jul. Ledley, F. D., Brody, B., Kozinetz, C., Mize, M. (1992). The challenge of follow-up for clinical trials of somatic gene therapy. Human Gene Therapy 3 657-664. Ledley, F. D. (1992). The quality of medical science. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 15 513-517. Adams, R. M., Soriano, H. E., Wang, M., Darlington, G., Steffen, D., Ledley, F. D. (1992). Transduction of primary human hepatocytes with amphotropic and xenotropic retroviral vectors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 89 8981-8985. Soriano, H. E., Lewis, D., Legner, M., Brandt, M., Baley, P., Darlington, G., Finegold, M., Ledley, F. D. (1992). Use of DiI marked hepatocytes to demonstrate orthotopic, intrahepatic engraftment following hepatocellular transplantation. Transplantation 54 717-723. Crane, A. M., Martin, L. S., Valle, D., Ledley, F. D. (1992). Phenotype of disease in three patients with identical mutations in methylmalonyl CoA mutase. Human genetics, (89) 3 259-64. Crane, A. M., Jansen, R., Andrews, E. R., Ledley, F. D. (1992). Cloning and expression of a mutant methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase with altered cobalamin affinity that causes mut- methylmalonic aciduria. The Journal of clinical investigation, (89) 2 385-91. Ledley, F. D., Lovejoy, F. H. (1992). Prospects for academically trained pediatricians in academic medicine. Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale, (15) 6 518-26. Soriano, H. E., Lewis, D., Legner, M., Brandt, M., Baley, P., Darlington, G., Finegold, M., Ledley, F. D. (1992). The use of DiI-marked hepatocytes to demonstrate orthotopic, intrahepatic engraftment following hepatocellular transplantation. Transplantation, (54) 4 717-23. Ledley, F. D. (1991). Clinical application of genotypic diagnosis for phenylketonuria: theoretical consideration. European Journal of Pediatrics 150 752-756. Ledley, F. D. (1991). Clinical considerations in the design of protocols for somatic gene therapy. Human Gene Therapy 2 77-84. Wilkemeyer, M. F., Crane, A. M., Ledley, F. D. (1991). Differential diagnosis of mut and cbl methylmalonic aciduria by DNA-mediated gene transfer in primary fibroblasts. Journal of Clinical Investigation 87 915-918. Raff, M. L., Crane, A. M., Jansen, R., Ledley, F. D., Rosenblatt, D. S. (1991). Genetic characterization of a MUT locus mutation discriminating heterogeneity in muto and mut- methylmalonic aciduria by intra-allelic complementation. Journal of Clinical Investigation 87 203-207. Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L., Ferry, G. D., Whisennand, H. H., Brandt, M. L., Darlington, G. J., Demmler, G. J., Finegold, M. J., Pokorny, W. J., Rosenblatt, H., Schwartz, P., Moen, R. C., Anderson, W. F. (1991). Hepatocellular transplantation in acute hepatic failure and targeting genetic markers to hepatic cells. (Text of clinical protocol for gene transfer into hepatocytes approved by Human Gene Therapy Subcommittee, Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, and director of the NIH. Human Gene Therapy 2 331-358. Hinds, M., Deisseroth, K., Mayes, J., Altschuler, E., Jansen, R., Ledley, F. D., Zwelling, L. A. (1991). Identification of a point mutation in the topoisomerase II gene from a human leukemia cell line containing an Amacrine-resistant form of topoisomerase II. Cancer Research 51 4719-4731. Ledley, F. D., Crane, A. M., Klish, K., May, G. (1991). Is there methylmalonyl CoA mutase in Aspergillus nidulans?. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 177 1076-1081. Shapira, S. K., Ledley, F. D., Rosenblatt, D. S., Levy, H. L. (1991). Ketoacidotic crisis as a presentation of "benign" methylmalonic acidemia.. Journal of Pediatrics 119 80-84. Ponder, K. P., Gupta, S., Leland, F., Darlington, G., Finegold, M., DeMayo, J., Ledley, F. D., Chowdhury, J. R., Woo, S. L. (1991). Mouse hepatocytes migrate to liver parenchyma and function indefinitely after intrasplenic transplantation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88 1217-21. Ledley, F. D. (1991). The physician scientist's role in medical research and the mythology of the intellectual tradition. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 34 410-420. Ledley, F. D. (1991). VII. Informed consent. Human gene therapy, (2) 4 355-8. Zwelling, L. A., Mayes, J., Deisseroth, K., Hinds, M., Grant, G., Pathak, S., Ledley, F. D., Vyas, R., Hittelman, W. (1990). A restriction fragment length polymorphism for human topoisomerase II: Its possible relationship to drug-resistance. Cancer Communications 2 357-61. Ledley, F. D. (1990). Clinical application of somatic gene therapy in inborn errors of metabolism. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 13 597-616. Sifers, R. N., Ledley, F. D., Reed-Fourquet, L., Ledbetter, D. H., Ledbetter, S. A., Woo, S. L. (1990). Complete cDNA sequence and chromosomal localization of mouse alpha1-antitrypsin. Genomics 6 100-104. Jansen, R., Ledley, F. D. (1990). Disruption of phase during PCR amplification and cloning of heterozygous target sequences. Nucleic Acids Research 19 5153-56. Ledley, F. D., Crane, A. M., Lumetta, M. (1990). Heterogenous alleles and expressionof methylmalonyl CoA mutase in mut methylmalonic acidemia. AmericanJournal of Human Genetics 46 539-547. Jansen, R., Ledley, F. D. (1990). Heterozygous mutations at the mut locus in fibroblasts with muto methylmalonic acidemia identified by PCR cDNA cloning. American Journal of Human Genetics 47 808-814. Threadgill, D. W., Wilkemeyer, M. F., Womack, J. E., Ledley, F. D. (1990). Localization of the murine methylmalonyl CoA mutase (Mut) locus on chromosome 17 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 53 112-114. Sertic, J., Vincek, V., Ledley, F. D., Figueroa, F., Klein, J. (1990). Mapping of the L-methylmalonyl CoA mutase gene to mouse chromosome 17. Genomics 6 560-564. Ledley, F. D., Grenett, H. E., Dunbar, B. S., Woo, S. L. (1990). Mouse phenylalanine hydroxylase: homology and divergence from human phenylalanine hydroxylase. The Biochemical Journal 267 399-406. Ledley, F. D., Jansen, R., Nham, S. U., Fenton, W. E., Rosenberg, L. E. (1990). Mutation eliminating mitochondrial leader sequence of methylmalonyl CoA mutase causes muto Methylmalonic Acidemia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 87 3147-3150. Ledley, F. D. (1990). Perspectives on methylmalonic acidemia resulting from molecular cloning of methylmalonyl CoA mutase. Bioessays 12 335-340. Wilkemeyer, M. F., Crane, A. M., Ledley, F. D. (1990). Primary structure and activity of murine methylmalonyl CoA mutase. The Biochemical Journal 271 449-455. Nham, S. U., Wilkemeyer, M. F., Ledley, F. D. (1990). Structure of the human methylmalonyl CoA mutase (MUT) locus. Genomics 8 710-716. Jansen, R., Kalousek, F., Fenton, W., Rosenberg, L. E., Ledley, F. D. (1989). Cloning of full-length methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from a cDNA library using the polymerase chain reaction. Genomics 4 198-205. Ledley, F. D., Koch, R., Beaudet, A., O'Brien, W. E., Bartos, D. P., Woo, S. L., Jew, K. (1989). Phenylalanine hydroxylase expression in the liver of a fetus with phenylketonuria. Genetic Counseling and the Outcome of Phenylketonuria. Journal of Pediatrics. 113:463-467 113(3):463-8.. Jansen, R., Ledley, F. D. (1989). Production of high specific activity DNA probes by the polymerase chain reaction. Gene Analysis Techniques 6 79-83. Cheng, S. V., Martin, G. R., Nadeau, J. H., Haines, J. L., Bucan, M., Kozak, C. A., MacDonald, M. E., Lockyer, J. L., Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L., Lehrach, H., Gilliam, T. C., Gusella, J. F. (1989). Synteny on mouse chromosome 5 of human loci linked to Huntington's Disease. Genomics 4 419-426. Jansen, R., Ledley, F. D. (1989). Production of discrete high specific activity DNA probes using the polymerase chain reaction. Gene analysis techniques, (6) 4 79-83. McDonald, J. D., Cotton, R. G., Jennings, I., Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L., Bode, V. C. (1988). Biochemical defect of the hph 1 mouse mutant is a deficiency of GTP cyclohydrolase activity. Journal of Neurochemistry 50 655-657. Zoghbi, H., O'Brien, W. E., Ledley, F. D. (1988). Linkage relationships of the human methylmalonyl CoA mutase to the HLA and D6S4 loci on chromosome 6. Genomics 3 396-398. Ledley, F. D., Ledbetter, S. A., Ledbetter, D. H., Woo, S. L. (1988). Localization of mouse phenylalanine hydroxylase locus on chromosome 10. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 47 125-126. Ledley, F. D., Lumetta, M. R., Zoghbi, H. Y., VanTuinen, P., Ledbetter, S. A., Ledbetter, D. H. (1988). Mapping of human methylmalonyl CoA mutase (MUT) locus on chromosome 6. American Journal of Human Genetics 42 839-846. Ledley, F. D., Lumetta, M., Nguyen, P. N., Kolhouse, J. F., Allen, R. A. (1988). Molecular cloning of L-methylmalonyl CoA mutase: gene transfer and analysis of mut cell lines. Proceedings of National Academy of Science 85 3518-21. Peng, H., Armentano, D., Graham, L., Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L. (1988). Retroviral-mediated gene transfer and expression of human phenylalanine hydroxylase in primary mouse hepatocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 85 8146-8150. Ledley, F. D., Grenett, H. E., Bartos, D. P., vanTuinen, P., Ledbetter, D. H., Woo, S. L. (1987). Assignment of human tryptophan hydroxylase locus to chromosome 11: gene duplication and translocation in evolution of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics 13 575-580. Ledley, F. D., Grenett, H. E., Woo, S. L. (1987). Biochemical characterization of recombinant human phenylalanine hydroxylase produced in E. Coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262 2228-2233. Guttler, F., Lidsky, A. S., Ledley, F. D., DiLella, A. G., Sullivan, S. E., Woo, S. L. (1987). Correlation between polymorphic DNA haplotypes at phenylalanine hydroxylase locus and clinical phenotypes of phenylketonuria. Journal of Pediatrics 110 68-71. Grenett, H. E., Ledley, F. D., Reed, L. L., Woo, S. L. (1987). Full length cDNA for rabbit tryptophan hydroxylase: functional domains and evolution of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 84 5530-5534. Marvitt, J., DiLella, A. G., Brayton, K., Ledley, F. D., Robson, K. J., Woo, S. L. (1987). GT to AT transition at a splice donor site causes skipping of the preceding exon in phenylketonuria. Nucleic Acids Research 15 5613-5628. Woo, S. L., DiLella, A. G., Marvit, J., Ledley, F. D. (1987). Molecular basis of phenylketonuria and potential somatic gene therapy. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium in Quantitative Biology 51 395-401. Woo, S. L., DiLella, A. G., Marvit, J., Ledley, F. D. (1987). Molecular Basis of Phenylketonuria and recombinant DNA strategies for therapy. Enzyme 38 207-213. Guttler, F., DiLella, A. G., Ledley, F. D., Lidsky, A. S., Kwok, S. C., Marvit, J., Woo, S. (1987). Molecular Biology of Phenylketonuria. European Journal of Pediatrics 146(sup1) 11-May. Bao, J. J., Sifers, R. N., Kidd, V. J., Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L. (1987). Molecular evolution of serpins: homologous structure of the human alpha1 antichymotrypsin and alpha1 antitrypsin genes. Biochemistry 26 7755-7759. Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L. (1987). P chlorophenylalanine does not inhibit production of recombinant human phenylalanine hydroxylase in NIH3T3 cells or E. Coli. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 142 302-308. MacDonald, M. E., Anderson, M. A., Lockyer, J. L., Milstein, S., Hobbs, W. J., Kaufman, S., Faryniarz, A. G., Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L., Gusella, J. F. (1987). Physical and Genetic Localization of the quinonoid dihydropteridine reductase gene (QDPR) on the short arm of chromosome 4. Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics 13 569-574. Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L. (1987). Prospects for somatic gene therapy of phenylketonuria. Amino Acids in Health and Disease, New Perspectives. UCLA symposia on molecular and cellular biology New Series. Alan R. Liss, (55) 565-580. Ledley, F. D., Darlington, G. J., Hahn, T., Woo, S. L. (1987). Retroviral gene transfer into primary hepatocytes: implications for genetic therapy of liver specific functions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 84 5335-5339. Ledley, F. D., Grenett, H. E., Bartos, D. P., Woo, S. L. (1987). Retroviral mediated transfer and expression of human alpha1-antitrypsin in cultured cells. Gene 61 113-118. Ledley, F. D., Hahn, T., Woo, S. L. (1987). Selection for phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in cells transformed with recombinant retrovirus. Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics 13 145-154. Ledley, F. D. (1987). Somatic gene therapy for human disease: a problem of eugenics?. Trends in Genetics 3 112-115. Ledley, F. D. (1987). Somatic gene therapy for human disease: background and prospects (Part I). J Pediatr. 1987 Feb; PMID: 3100752 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 110(2):167-74. Lockyer, J., Cook, R. G., Milstein, S., Kaufman, S., Woo, S. L., Ledley, F. D. (1987). Structure and expression of human dihydropteridine reductase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 84 3329-3333. Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L., Grenett, H. E. (1987). Structure of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Amino Acids in Health and Disease: New Perspectives. New Series. Alan R. Liss. UCLA symposia on molecular and cellular biology, (55) 267-284. Ledley, F. D. (1987). Somatic gene therapy for human disease: background and prospects (Part I). J Pediatr. PMID: 3100752 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 110(2):167-74.. Güttler, F., DiLella, A. G., Ledley, F. D., Lidsky, A. S., Kvok, S. C., Marvit, J., Woo, S. L. (1987). Molecular biology of phenylketonuria. European journal of pediatrics, (146 Suppl 1) A5-11. Ledley, F. D. (1987). Somatic gene therapy for human disease: background and prospects. Part II. The Journal of pediatrics, (110) 2 167-74. Ledley, F. D. (1987). Somatic gene therapy for human disease: background and prospects. Part I. The Journal of pediatrics, (110) 1 1-8. Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L. (1987). P-chlorophenylalanine does not inhibit production of recombinant human phenylalanine hydroxylase in NIH3T3 cells or E. coli. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, (142) 2 302-8. Ledley, F. D., Darlington, G. J., Hahn, T., Woo, S. L. (1987). Retroviral gene transfer into primary hepatocytes: implications for genetic therapy of liver-specific functions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, (84) 15 5335-9. Ledley, F. D., Grenett, H. E., Bartos, D. P., Woo, S. L. (1987). Retroviral mediated transfer and expression of human alpha 1-antitrypsin in cultured cells. Gene, (61) 1 113-8. Ledley, F. D., Hahn, T., Woo, S. L. (1987). Selection for phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in cells transformed with recombinant retroviruses. Somatic cell and molecular genetics, (13) 2 145-54. Ledley, F. D. (1987). Somatic gene therapy for human disease: a problem of eugenics?. Trends in genetics : TIG, (3) 4 112-5. Bao, J. J., Sifers, R. N., Kidd, V. J., Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L. (1987). Molecular evolution of serpins: homologous structure of the human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin genes. Biochemistry, (26) 24 7755-9. Lockyer, J., Cook, R. G., Milstien, S., Kaufman, S., Woo, S. L., Ledley, F. D. (1987). Structure and expression of human dihydropteridine reductase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, (84) 10 3329-33. MacDonald, M. E., Anderson, M. A., Lockyer, J. L., Milstien, S., Hobbs, W. J., Faryniarz, A. G., Kaufman, S., Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L., Gusella, J. F. (1987). Physical and genetic localization of quinonoid dihydropteridine reductase gene (QDPR) on short arm of chromosome 4. Somatic cell and molecular genetics, (13) 5 569-74. Ledley, F. D., Levy, H., Woo, S. L. (1986). Molecular analysis of the inheritance of phenylketonuria and mild hyperphenylalaninemia in families with both disorders. New England Journal of Medicine 314 1276-1280. Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L. (1986). Molecular basis of alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency and its potential therapy by gene transfer. Journal of Inherited and Metabolic Disease 9(suppl 1) 85-91. DiLella, A. G., Kwok, S. C., Ledley, F. D., Marvit, J., Woo, S. L. (1986). Molecular structure and polymorphic map of the human phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. Biochemistry 25 743-749. Ledley, F. D., Grenett, H. E., McGinnis Shelnutt, M., Woo, S. L. (1986). Retroviral mediated gene transfer of human phenylalanine hydroxylase into NIH3T3 and hepatoma cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 83 409-413. Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L. (1986). Molecular basis of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and its potential therapy by gene transfer. Journal of inherited metabolic disease, (9 Suppl 1) 85-91. Ledley, F. D., Grenett, H. E., McGinnis-Shelnutt, M., Woo, S. L. (1986). Retroviral-mediated gene transfer of human phenylalanine hydroxylase into NIH 3T3 and hepatoma cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, (83) 2 409-13. Ledley, F. D., Levy, H. L., Woo, S. L. (1986). Molecular analysis of the inheritance of phenylketonuria and mild hyperphenylalaninemia in families with both disorders. The New England journal of medicine, (314) 20 1276-80. DiLella, A. G., Ledley, F. D., Rey, F., Munich, A., Woo, S. L. (1985). Detection of phenylalanine hydroxylase messenger RNA in PKU liver biopsy samples from patients with phenylketonuria. Lancet 19 160-161. Lidsky, A., Ledley, F. D., DiLella, A. G., Kwok, S. C., Daiger, S. P., Robson, K. J., Woo, S. L. (1985). Extensive restriction site polymorphisms in the human phenylalanine hydroxylase locus and application in prenatal diagnosis of phenylketonuria. American Journal of Human Genetics 37 619-634. Ledley, F. D., Grenett, H. E., DiLella, A. G., Kwok, S. C., Woo, S. L. (1985). Gene transfer and expression of human phenylalanine hydroxylase. Science 228 77-79. Ledley, F. D., DiLella, A. G., Kwok, S. C., Woo, S. L. (1985). Homology between phenylalanine and tyrosine hydroxylases reveals common structural and functional domains. Biochemistry 24 3389-3394. Ledley, F. D., DiLella, A., Woo, S. (1985). Molecular biology of phenylalanine hydroxylase and phenylketonuria. Trends in Genetics 1 309-313. Kwok, S. C., Ledley, F. D., DiLella, A. G., Robson, K. J., Woo, S. L. (1985). Nucleotide sequence of a full length cDNA clone and amino acid sequence of human phenylalanine hydroxylase. Biochemistry 24 556-561. Woo, S. L., Güttler, F., Ledley, F. D., Lidsky, F. D., Kwok, A. S., DiLella, S. C., Robson, K. J. (1985). The human phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. Medical Genetics Past, Present, Future. Alan R. Liss, New York. 123-138. Ledley, F. D., DiLella, A. G., Kwok, S. C., Woo, S. L. (1985). Homology between phenylalanine and tyrosine hydroxylases reveals common structural and functional domains. Biochemistry, (24) 14 3389-94. Ledley, F. D., Grenett, H. E., DiLella, A. G., Kwok, S. C., Woo, S. L. (1985). Gene transfer and expression of human phenylalanine hydroxylase. Science (New York, N.Y.), (228) 4695 77-9. Kwok, S. C., Ledley, F. D., DiLella, A. G., Robson, K. J., Woo, S. L. (1985). Nucleotide sequence of a full-length complementary DNA clone and amino acid sequence of human phenylalanine hydroxylase. Biochemistry, (24) 3 556-61. Woo, S. L., Güttler, F., Ledley, F. D., Lidsky, A. S., Kwok, S. C., DiLella, A. G., Robson, K. J. (1985). The human phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. Progress in clinical and biological research, (177) 123-35. Ledley, F. D., Levy, H. L., Shih, V. E., Benjamin, R., Mahoney, M. J. (1984). Benign methylmalonic aciduria. New England Journal of Medicine 311 1015-1018. Wang, J. Y., Ledley, F. D., Goff, S., Lee, R., Groner, Y., Baltimore, D. (1984). The mouse c abl locus: Molecular cloning and characterization. Cell 36 349-356. Ledley, F. D., Levy, H. L., Shih, V. E., Benjamin, R., Mahoney, M. J. (1984). Benign methylmalonic aciduria. The New England journal of medicine, (311) 16 1015-8. Ledley, F. D. (1983). Recombinant DNA and the Copernican world view. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 26 245-260. Ledley, F. D. (1983). Recombinant DNA and the Copernican world view. Perspectives in biology and medicine, (26) 2 245-60. Ledley, F. D. (1982). Evolution and the human tail, a case report.. N Engl J Med.; PMID: 7070433 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 306(20):1212-5. Ledley, F. D. (1982). Evolution and the human tail: a case report. The New England journal of medicine, (306) 20 1212-5. Kohn, L. D., Consiglio, E., DeWolf, M. J., Grollman, E. F., Ledley, F. D., Lee, G., Morris, N. P. (1980). Thyrotropin receptors and gangliosides. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, (125) 487-503. Habig, W. H., Ledley, F. D., Grollman, E. F., Meldolesi, M. F., Aloj, S. M., Hardegree, M. C., Kohn, L. D. (1978). Tetanus toxin interactions with the thyroid: decreased toxin binding to membranes from a thyroid tumor with a thyrotropin receptor defect and in vivo stimulation of thyroid function. Endocrinology 102 844-851. Habig, W. H., Grollman, E. F., Ledley, F. D., Meldolesi, M. F., Aloj, S. M., Hardegree, M. C., Kohn, L. D. (1978). Tetanus toxin interactions with the thyroid: decreased toxin binding to membranes from a thyroid tumor with a thyrotropin receptor defect and in vivo stimulation of thyroid function. Endocrinology, (102) 3 844-51. Meldolesi, M. F., Fishman, P. H., Aloj, S. M., Ledley, F. D., Lee, G., Bradley, R. M., Brady, R. O., Kohn, L. D. (1977). Separation of the glycoprotein and ganglioside components of thyrotropin receptor activity in plasma membranes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 75 581-588. Ledley, F. D., Lee, G., Kohn, L. D., Habig, W. H., Hardegree, M. D. (1977). Tetanus toxin interactions with thyroid plasma membranes: implications for the structure and function of tetanus toxin receptors and potential pathophysiological significance. Journal of Biological Chemistry 252 4029-4055. Ledley, F. D., Lee, G., Kohn, L. D., Habig, W. H., Hardegree, M. C. (1977). Tetanus toxin interactions with thyroid plasma membranes. Implications for structure and function of tetanus toxin receptors and potential pathophysiological significance. The Journal of biological chemistry, (252) 12 4049-55. Meldolesi, M. F., Fishman, P. H., Aloj, S. M., Ledley, F. D., Lee, G., Bradley, R. M., Bradley, R. M., Brady, R. O., Kohn, L. D. (1977). Separation of the glycoprotein and ganglioside components of thyrotropin receptor activity in plasma membranes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, (75) 3 581-8. Ledley, F. D., Mullin, B. R., Lee, G., Aloj, S. M., Fishman, P. H., Hunt, L. T., Dayhoff, M. O., Kohn, L. D. (1976). Sequence similarity between cholera toxin and the glycoprotein hormones: implications for structure activity relationships and the mechanism of action. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications 69 852-859. Mullin, B. R., Fishman, P. H., Lee, G., Aloj, S. M., Ledley, F. D., Winand, R. J., Kohn, L. D., Brady, R. O. (1976). Thyrotropin ganglioside interactions and their relationship to the structure and function of thyrotropin receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 73 842-846. Mullin, B. R., Lee, G., Ledley, F. D., Winand, R. J., Kohn, L. D. (1976). Thyrotropin interactions with human fat cell membrane preparations and the finding of a soluble thyrotropin binding component. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 69 55-62. Mullin, B. R., Lee, G., Ledley, F. D., Winland, R. J., Kohn, L. D. (1976). Thyrotropin interactions with human fat cell membrane preparations and the finding of soluble thyrotropin binding component. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, (69) 1 55-62. Mullin, B. R., Fishman, P. H., Lee, G., Aloj, S. M., Ledley, F. D., Winand, R. J., Kohn, L. D., Brady, R. O. (1976). Thyrotropin-ganglioside interactions and their relationship to the structure and function of thyrotropin receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, (73) 3 842-6. Ledley, F. D., Mullin, B. R., Lee, G., Aloj, S. M., Fishman, P. H., Hunt, L. T., Dayhoff, M. O., Kohn, L. D. (1976). Sequence similarity between cholera toxin and glycoprotein hormones: implications for structure activity relationship and mechanism of action. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, (69) 4 852-9. Ledley, F. D., Wilson, J. B. (1974). Computer analysis of ultrasound cardiograms. Computers in Biology and Medicine 4 27-41. Ledley, F. D., Wilson, J. B. (1974). Computer analysis of ultrasoundcardiograms. Computers in biology and medicine, (4) 1 27-41. Hyman, C., Dao, H., Vaughan, G., Ledley, F. Sensitivity of Biotechnology Valuations and Investment to Indicators of Drug Pricing. Management Science ForthcomingBrown, J. A., Ledley, F. D., Spero, R. The missing metric: Where is public health in CSR?. ForthcomingBooks
Ledley, F. D. (2011). Sputnik's Child 334. CreateSpaceBook Chapters
Ledley, F. D., Oches, E. A. (2013). Business Education in an age of science and technology Shaping the Future of Business Education: Relevance, Rigor, and Life Preparation.. Palgrave Macmillan (Link)Ledley, F. D. (2009). Visions of a Source of Wonder Envisioning Nature, Science, and Religion. Pennsylvannia, USA: Templeton Press (Link)Ledley, F. D. (1994). Hepatic Gene Therapy. Somatic Gene Therapy. New York: CRC PressLedley, F. D. (1994). Pharmacokinetic Considerations In the Use of Genes as Pharmaceuticals Direct Gene Therapy. New York: BirkhauserLedley, F. D. (1990). Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Human Methylmalonyl CoA Mutase. Cobalamin '88, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Biomedicine and Physiology of Vitamin B12 Cobalamin '88, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Biomedicine and Physiology of Vitamin B12. London: Children's Medical CharityLeadlay, P., Ledley, F. D. (1990). Primary sequence homology between methylmalonyl CoA mutase from Propionibacterium shermanii and Homo sapiens Cobalamin '88, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Biomedicine and Physiology of Vitamin B12. London: Cobalamin '88, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Biomedicine and Physiology of Vitamin B12. Children's Medical CharityLedley, F. D. (1990). Prospects for somatic gene therapy in the management of inborn errors of metabolism Inherited metabolic disease. Diagnosis and treatment.. Springer-VerlagLedley, F. D. (1989). Human gene therapy Biotechnology, a comprehensive treatise. Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft.Ledley, F. D. (1989). Molecular Genetic Studies in Methylmalonic acidemia. UCLA symposium on gene transfer in animals. Gene Transfer and Gene Therapy. New York: Alan R. LissArmentano, D., Peng, H., MacKenzie-Graham, L., Shen, M., Seh, ., Ledley, F. D., Darlington, G. J., Woo, S. L. (1989). Retroviral-mediated gene transfer of human PAH into mouse primary hepatocytes. Gene Transfer and Gene Therapy. New York: Alan R. LissLedley, F. D., Woo, S. L. (1988). Reconsidering the genetics of phenylketonuria. Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Boston/Basel: BirkhauserLedley, F. D., Woo, S. L., DiLella, A. G. (1986). Molecular biology of phenylalanine hydroxylase and phenylketonuria Molecular Genetics in Developmental Neurobiology. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press (JSSP). The Ninth International Symposium on Brain Sciences. Molecular Genetics in Developmental Neurobiology.Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L., Güttler, F. (1985). Cloning and expression of the human phenylalanine hydroxylase gene Inherited Diseases of Amino Acid Metabolism. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York.DiLella, A. G., Ledley, F. D., Woo, S. L. (1985). Prenatal Diagnosis and Carrier Detection of Phenylketonuria by Gene Mapping Biotechnology in Diagnostics. Rome: Biotechnology in Diagnostics. Elsevier Science PublishersLedley, F. D. (1984). Metabolic disease Manual of Pediatric Therapeutics, third edition. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and CompanyKohn, L. D., Consiglio, E., DeWolf, M. J., Grollman, E. F., Ledley, F. D., Lee, F. D., Morris, N. P. (1980). Thyrotropin receptors and gangliosides. Structure and Function of Gangliosides. Structure and Function of Gangliosides. New York: Advances in Experimental Medicine/Plenum PressHunt, L. D., Ledley, F. D., Dayhoff, M. O. (1979). Hormones and active peptides Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure. Washington, D.C.: National Biomedical Research FoundationKohn, L. D., Lee, G., Grollman, E. F., Ledley, F. D., Mullin, B. R., Aloj, S. M., Meldolesi, M. F. (1977). Membrane glycolipid and their relationship to the structure and function of cell surface receptors for glycoprotein hormones, bacterial toxins, and interferon. Cell surface carbohydrate chemistry.. Academic Press, San Francisco.Conference Proceedings
Fishman, G. P., Ledley, F. D., Launius, R. (2012). “The Sputnik Moment - Then and Now” Association of American Colleges and Universities Washington, D.C. Digital and Electronic Media, Social Media, Blogs, Podcasts
2021. "STATNEWS" 2021. "Wall Street Journal" 2021. "Congressional Briefing (internet)" 2021. "WAMC PUBLIC RADIO" 2020. "Boston Business Journal" 2018. "STATNEWS" 2018. "CommonWealth Magazine" 2016. "Cognisenti - WBUR" 2015. "Boston Business Journal" Exhibitions
Ledley, F. D. (1964). “Shpilkes Klezmer Band - Clarinet, Alto Clarinet,” Other Scholarly Work
Ledley, F. D. (2025). Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in pharmaceutical markets: associations with market concentration, prices, drug quantity sold, and shortages.. department of Health and Human Services .Ledley, F. D. Discovery of the world's most successful drug - adalimumab (Humira); case study in the synergy between science, business, and policy. Forthcoming.Presentations
Brown, J. A., Ledley, F. D., Park, j., Husted, B. (2022). “Manuscript Development Workshop” Presented at the IABS Business & Society Manuscript Development Workshop for Special Issue on Public Health Virtual Brown, J. A., Ledley, F. D., Montiel, I., Park, J., Husted, B. (2022). “Featured Symposium: Human Health Grand Challenges” Presented at the Academy of Management Annual meeting of the Academy of Management Conference Virtual Vaughan, G., Du, R., Ledley, F. D. (2021). “Will Reducing Drug Prices Slow Innovation?” Presented at the Bentley Research Council Bentley Research Symposium Waltham MA Andrews, B. J., Choi, S., Eijmberts, J. P., Ledley, F. D., Cleary, E., Thomas, S., Schwarzkopf, D. L., Stuckey, J. K., Davi, W., DeLeo, R., Moriarty, J., Gainsborough, J. F., Gentry, W., , C. R. (2020). “How Taxes Shape Lives” Presented at the Jeanne and Dan Valente Center for the Arts and Sciences Convener, Bentley Humanities Seminar Bentley University Brown, J. A., Ledley, F. D. (2018). “A Missing (or Misapplied) Metric in Corporate Social REsponsiblity” Presented at the Queen Mary College Special Conference for Journal of Business Research London, England Ledley, F. D., Salsbury, J. L. (2013). “Quality management in educational organizations; building from the ground up” Presented at the AAC&U eneral Education and Assessment: A Sea Change in Student Learning. Boston, Network for Academic Renewal Ledley, F. D. (2012). “Sputnik's Child” Presented at the Biotechnology Industry Organization BIO International Exposition Boston Ledley, F. D. (2012). “Sputnik's Child” Presented at the Space Foundation National Space Symposium Colorado Springs Fishman, G. P., Ledley, F. D., Launius, R. (2012). “The Sputnik Moment - Then and Now” Presented at the Association of American Colleges and Universities SHARED FUTURES / DIFFICULT CHOICES Washington, D.C. Goldman, M., Kirsch, G. E., Ledley, F. D. (2011). “Innovation and Design: Making Room in a Crowded Curriculum for the Big Questions” Presented at the Associaton of American Colleges and Universities Arts & Humanities: Toward a Flourishing State? Providence, Rhode Island Oches, E. A., Szymanski, D. W., Davis, P. T., Ledley, F. D. (2010). “Integrating Earth and environmental science into a business curriculum toward enhanced workforce science literacy” Presented at the Geological Society of America Geological Society of America Annual Meeting Denver, CO Reviews
Ledley, F. D. (1993). review of: Ahrens A.H. "The Crisis in Clinical Research". 52 632-633. Ledley, F. D. (1993). review of: Kevles and Hood "The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project". 329 584-585, 3. Ledley, F. D. (1992). review of: Emery and Rimoin, "Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics". 326 961-2. Ledley, F. D. (1992). review of: Friedmann, T (ed.) "Therapy of Genetic Disease" and Desnick, R. (ed) "Treatment for Genetic Disease". 50 1353-1354. Ledley, F. D. (1991). review of: Duster, T. "Backdoor to Eugenics". 235 1816. Ledley, F. D. (1990). review of: Mange, A.P., Mange, E.J. "Genetics: human aspects". 322 1164. Ledley, F. D. (1989). review of: Nora, J.J., Fraser, F.C. "Medical Genetics, principles and practice". Ledley, F. D. (1988). review of: Childs, B., Holtzman, N.A., Kazazian, H., Valle, D. "Molecular Genetics in Medicine". 319 252-253. Ledley, F. D. (1988). review of: Levitan, M. "Textbook of Human Genetics". 319 1292. Ledley, F. D. (1988). review of: Weatherall, D.J. "The New Genetics and Clinical Practice", 2nd ed. 76 198-199. Ledley, F. D. (1986). review of Epstein, C.J. "The Consequences of Chromosome Imbalance: Principles, mechanisms, and models". 315 1175. Ledley, F. D. (1986). review of: Chaganti, R.S.K. and German, J. "Genetics and Clinical Oncology". 314 1520-1521. Ledley, F. D. (1985). review of: DeGrouchy, J., Turleau, C. "Clinical Atlas of Human Chromosomes". 312 129-130. Ledley, F. D. (1985). review of: Kevles, D. "In the Name of Eugenics". 313 1551-1552. Service
Service: University
Committee Member for Promotion and Tenure Committee 7/1/23 - Present for Center Directors - Strategic Planning 1/1/23 - PresentCommittee Chair for Bentley Research Council 1/1/21 - PresentCommittee Member for Academic Affairs Committee, Bentley Board of Trustees 1/1/21 - 12/31/24Task Force Member for Bentley Racial Justice Task Force 1/1/20 - 12/31/21Committee Member for Presidential Search Committee (faculty representative) 1/1/20 - 12/31/21Committee Member for Provost Council 1/1/19 - 12/31/21Committee Member for Bentley Research Council 1/1/18 - PresentStudent Organization Advisor for Colleges Against Cancer 1/1/17 - PresentCommittee Member for Promotion and Tenure Committee 1/1/17 - 12/31/18Department representative for Assurance of Learning 1/1/16 - PresentCommittee Member for Dean's working group on Signature (culminating) project 1/1/16 - 12/31/17Committee Member for Data Innovation Thought Leadership Network 1/1/15 - PresentCommittee Member for Health Thought Leadership Network 1/1/15 - PresentCommittee Member for EQUS accreditation committee 1/1/15 - 12/31/15 for Faculty Affairs Committee 1/1/14 - 12/31/17Committee Member for Tobacco-free Campus Task Force 1/1/14 - 12/31/17 for Advisory Committee, Valente Center 1/1/12 - PresentCommittee Member for Diversity Curriculum Taskforce 1/1/09 - 12/31/09Committee Member for Research Resource Allocation Taskforce 1/1/09 - 12/31/09Committee Member for Institutional Review Board 1/1/08 - PresentCommittee Member for Spiritual Life Advisory Board 1/1/05 - Present for Joint Chairs/A&S Chairs 1/1/05 - 12/31/11 for Valente Center, Advisory Committee 1/1/05 - 12/31/08
